The cylinder block is actually a casting and to it the required ports are drilled. The cylinder block shown here is a Jcb engine block. This has ports in all the six sides as explained.Mechanical Engineering tutorials videos
Top side: We can see the 4 cylinders, the water jackets around it with internal galleries through the block which circulate water to cool the engine. Oil hole to the engine head for lubrication of the components over there. Engine oil drains ports and the thermostat coolant gallery. Head mounting bolt ports. Automobile Engineering tutorials
Right side: We have the Alternator port, port for water in from the radiator to the cooling jackets, turbo charger in and turbocharger out ports. Filter mounting bracket points and also the engine serial number is punched at this section.
Rear side: Here we will be having the engine timing gears, the timing gear casing will be installed to this side. Bolt holes for the timing gear casing can be seen. Cam shaft connecting port. Oil passage, timing gear lubrication jet connecting port will be in this section, main oil gallery, crank shaft side thrust bearing. Hydraulic tutorials
Left side view: Engine oil cooler port, oil in, oil out, engine oil filling port etc will be at this section. Lift pump connection port.
Front side: Water pump port, crank shaft pulley port, fan hub, auto tensioner, cam shaft end point and the idler wheel.
Bottom view: Crank shaft thrust bearing, other crank shaft bearings, crank shaft lubrication holes, piston cooling jet ports, valve tappet port, bed plate mating point and bolt holes.
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