Superchargers are used in automobile to improve or enhance the HP (horse power) of an engine.
As we all know, a bigger engines is capable of producing more power compared to smaller one, this is as the bigger engines are capable burning more fuel compared to smaller engines. The study of automobile engineers to enhance the power produced by a smaller engine resulted in the invention of Superchargers.
Basic logic on the construction of Supercharger:
For creating more power we need to burn more fuel, with a smaller engine to produce more power we need to do the same. But supplying more fuel is an easy job, but for ensuring its proper combustion is the difficult part.
You might have learnt in primary classes that, if we light a candle and cover it, it will not burn due to the scarcity of air (Oxygen). The same is applicable here in an engine too, we need to supply more air to facilitate proper combustion of the fuel. This is were a Supercharger comes to play. It supplies more air into the inlet manifold of the engine so that the combustion of the addition fuel supplied can be ensured. The fuel to air ratio is almost 1:14.
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| Fig: 1, Basics of Supercharger. |
Thus a supercharger is capable of producing a boot of about 50% more efficiency to a standard engine. The atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14.7 Psi (pounds/ square inch), with the help of supercharger we could boost to 6-8 Psi more, that is an additional boost of about 50% more efficiency.
The supercharger is taking its drive from the engine itself (crankshaft), so there is a loose of about 15-25 % of the engine power, but compensated by the boost available.
Working of Supercharger:
As shown in the fig: 1 shown the circuit of a supercharger, it supplies more atmospheric air in compressed manner to the engine inlet manifold. The supercharger is getting its drive from the engine crank shaft and it sucks air from the atmosphere and compresses it and directs it through the aftercooler to the engine. The cooling is done, as the air is compress, its density reduces and it cannot expand properly (cooling increases the density, so that it can expand as per the requirement)
2. Twin screw supercharger.
Advantages of Supercharger:
1. Efficient in low RPM also as the drive is taken form engine.
2. No lag as compered to Turbochargers.
Disadvantage of Supercharger:
1. More weight.
2. More maintenance.
3. Takes 20% power of engine.
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